‘When we talk of fighting/kung fu, anticipation can be fatal. Anticipation is much to do with guesswork. You may presume or guess what an opponent will do. You may get it right and a pre-planned attack could work accordingly, but you’ll just as easily get it wrong! Anticipation then is not mindset. It is not about what is happening “here and now.”

Perception is not just about visual assessment and guesswork. With Perception we feel as well as see; we are in contact with our opponent, so correct perception requires intent. It is our perception that allows us to do as little as possible or cut out unnecessary movement. If our perception is good, it’s always right. Perception is seeing, feeling, here and now.

Perception is the “third stage” in learning Kung Fu.’